The Circular Flow Diagram Sample Assignment
The circular flow diagram is best described as a(n)
Model that clarifies the relationship between spending and income.
Aggregate demand is the sum of
C+I+G+(X - IM)
Economist before Keynes assumed the equilibrium GDP occurred
Automatically.
Employee compensation accounts for about what percentage of national income?
70%
After taking office in 2009, President Obama believed in the need for a fiscal stimulus. The proper fiscal policy to reflect this could include a(n)
Increase in government purchases
The type of currency in circulation in the modern U.S. economy is almost entirely
Fiat money
If the Fed increases the reserve ratio, what happens to bank reserves and the money supply?
Reserves increase and the money supply decreases.
If nominal GDP is $7,700 billion and M 1 is $1,000 billion, then velocity is?
7.7
The speed with which money circulates through the economy is called?
Velocity of Circulation
Which of the following is an example of active fiscal policy?
Congress passes a major tax increase in an inflationary period.
Monetization of the deficit (or debt) means that
The Fed buys newly issued debt and increases the money supply.
Capital gains tax cuts inevitably benefit
workers in large cities.
To eliminate an inflationary gap, the aggregate demand curve should
Shift inward
If currency appreciates, a country's net exports
fall and AD decreases.
Economic theory shows that the current account deficit is always equal to the capital account surplus. This means that
When a country exports more goods and services than imports, it also imports assets equal to the difference.
When aggregate demand decreases rapidly, the economy is likely to experience
Recession.
Aggregate demand is the total demand for
All final goods and services
If disposable income decreases by $400 billion and consumption increases by $300 billion, the MPC equals
0.75
Crowding out can best be defined as
Government deficits increase interest rates and decrease private investment.
A fiscal policy that reduces taxes or increases government spending will cause a(n)
Increase in real GDP and an increase in the price level.
On May 15, 2002, it cost U.S. $0.03 to buy on Russian ruble. How many Russian rubles would U.S. $1 buy?
33
The balance of payments is divided into three major accounts, the :
current account, settlement account and the capital account.
The law of one price indicates that the:
Prices will adjust so that the price of similar goods in different countries is the same.
If the FED above buys 200 billion in bonds from a bank how much bigger can the money supply become?
2000 Billion
Opportunity cost can best be defined as the
Value of what must be given up in order to acquire an item.
The purchasing power of money
Refers to the amount of a good or service consumers can purchase with money; diminishes over time due to inflation; and is affected by the interest rate and inflation rate.
Economists make assumptions because
Analysis without assumptions would be impossibly complex.
Economic models are often expressed in
Equations, words and graphs
The United States produces ______ of what it consumes, and consumes ______ of what it produces.
most, most
What factors are held constant along a given demand curve for a good?
Consumer incomes and the prices of other goods.
The amount of ice cream in Boston was increased by 500 quarts. This change in quantity sold and price may have been caused by
The release of medical study showing that ice cream consumption improves mental health.
In relation to prices that would prevail in an uncontrolled market, prices charged by a black market are usually
Higher, since black marketers expect compensation for the risk of being caught.
How do macroeconomists differ from microeconomists?
The basic tools of analysis, the underlying principles, the use of abstractions and models, the problems studied
Gross Domestic Product is the
Most comprehensive measure of total output in the United States.
Keynes' great book offered the promise of ending depressions through
Government influencing aggregate demand.
Recessions
are common feature of any market economy.
When the growth rates of actual and potential GDP diverge, they usually diverge because
Actual GDP growth falls below potential GDP growth
As the unemployment rate rises
Lost national output rises.
Whist of the following countries has not experienced hyperinflation in the twentieth century?
United States
Economists expect the relationship between consumption and disposable income to be
Stable
In the circular flow diagram saving
is a leakage and investment is an injection.
The aggregate supply curve is
Relatively flat at low levels of output
When inflation occurs, consumers
Suffer a decrease in real wealth
When real GDP falls for two consecutive quarts the economy is in a
Recession
People who want to work but have stopped looking for work because they could not find jobs after actively searching are called
Discouraged workers
A firm's value added can be measured as the value of its
Total sales, less purchases of intermediate goods.
Economists and others use economic theory
as a partial basis for public policy recommendations
Government ownership of property and resources in the United States is
Relatively rare; the United States is mostly privatized.
Compare the openness of the US economy to 199 to the openness in the past
The United States is more open now than it was about 40 years
Along with changes in the level of economic activity, measured by GDP, what other economic variable tends to rise and fall as a consequence?
Regulation
Most Americans
Overestimate corporate profits.
Consumers spending accounts for what share of GDP?
70%
Which of the following illustrates government acting as a referee?
Enforcing contract provisions between buyer and seller.
Progressive income taxes are designed to
Make the distribution of income more equal.
In a market economy, the decisions regarding allocation of resources is made by
automatic forces of supply and demanded
In an attempt to boost enrollment, a private college in Iowa offered free tuition. how did this affect their opportunity cost of attending college?
the opportunity cost was lower than if tuition was charged, but there was still a cost.
The opportunity cost of increased production of some good can be measured with
The slope of the production possibilities curve.
One motive for "fighting the invisible hand" is
Unhappiness about the prices that occur in free markets, envy towards those who apparently benefit from certain prices, and a desire to have government "correct" some problems.
Each point on the demand curve is
A quantity demanded at that price.
An upward-sloping supply curve shows that
suppliers are wiling to increase production of their goods if they can receive higher prices for them
Economists emphasize the importance of _____ in analyzing supply.
price
Nominal GDP is
GDP measured in current prices
Which of the following is included in GDP
The cost of government-provided social services
International per capita GDP comparisons are misleading when countries involved differ greatly in
the percentage of economic activity that is transacted in organized markets.
Stagflation can be defined as a combination of
Economic stagnation and inflation
If the government uses stabilization policies to reduce inflation, the economy may have to suffer
higher rates of unemployment
An increase in capital stock will shift the production function
upward
The arithmetic difference between the nominal rate of interest and the expected rate of interest and the expected rate of inflation is
real interest rate
Rachel agrees to lend Phoebe $100 for six months and charges her interest of 2%. At the end of this six month period, prices have risen by 4%
Purchasing power has been redistributed to Phoebe.
If inflation is expect by both borrowers and lends, then we would expect
Real rates to be lower than nominal rates of interest.
When nominal interest rates are held below inflation rates, then households will have an incentive to
Consume
