Questions

Pellagra is a condition caused by niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency and is characterized by the four D’s: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, and Death. If left untreated, pellagra can be fatal, but it is preventable and treatable with proper niacin supplementation or dietary intake.

The Four D’s of Pellagra:

1. Dermatitis:

   • Skin inflammation is a hallmark sign of pellagra, typically affecting sun-exposed areas such as the neck, hands, arms, and face. The skin becomes red, rough, and scaly, often progressing to dark pigmentation, and can crack or ulcerate.

2. Diarrhea:

   • Digestive issues, including chronic diarrhea, are common in individuals with pellagra. This can lead to dehydration, malnutrition, and further complications if left untreated.

3. Dementia:

   • Cognitive decline or mental confusion is a prominent feature of pellagra. Symptoms range from irritability and memory loss to delirium, hallucinations, and psychosis, often resembling other neuropsychiatric disorders.

4. Death:

   • If untreated, pellagra can lead to organ failure, particularly from dehydration and severe malnutrition. The disease can be fatal, but with early diagnosis and treatment, recovery is possible.

Treatment:

Pellagra is treated with niacin supplementation and a diet rich in niacin-containing foods, such as meat, whole grains, and legumes.