Part 1 constructing molecular models of organic compounds lo son 1 structure of methane ch4 awaingo anodisoonbyd lenoitibbe
to ensu shape of methane molecule is 2 structure of ethane ch6 nodingorbe to moitinlaised so nou 3m structure of

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Part 1. Constructing Molecular Models of Organic Compounds lo son? 1. Structure of methane (CH4) (awaingo) anodisoonbyd lenoitibbe to ensu Shape of methane molecule is 2. Structure of ethane (C₂H6) nodingorbe to moitinlaised so nou 3.m Structure of propane (C3Hg) 4. Structure of n-butane and isobutane 5. Structures and names of the 3 isomers of pentane 6. Structure of ethene (ethylene) C₂H4 small to 100 7. Structure of ethyne (acetylene) C₂H₂ znosups och sonsted bus

Ranganathan · Answer

Here’s a step-by-step guide to constructing molecular models of the given organic compounds, including their structures, shapes, and isomers:

✅ 1. Methane (CH₄)

Structure: One carbon atom single-bonded to four hydrogen atoms.
Shape: Tetrahedral
- Bond angle: ~109.5°
- 3D Model: Carbon at the center with H atoms at corners of a tetrahedron.

✅ 2. Ethane (C₂H₆)

Structure: Two carbon atoms connected by a single bond, each bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
Shape: Tetrahedral around each carbon.

    H   H
     \ /
  H - C - C - H
     / \
    H   H

✅ 3. Propane (C₃H₈)

Structure: Chain of three carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms filling valences.
Shape: Tetrahedral geometry around each carbon.

H   H   H
|   |   |
H - C - C - C - H
    |   |
    H   H

✅ 4. Butane (C₄H₁₀)

Two isomers:

a) n-Butane (Straight chain)

H - C - C - C - C - H
    |   |   |
    H   H   H

b) Isobutane (Branched)

       CH₃
        |
CH₃ - C - CH₃

✅ 5. Pentane Isomers (C₅H₁₂)

There are 3 structural isomers:

a) n-Pentane (Straight chain)

CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH₃

b) Isopentane (methylbutane) (One branch)

       CH₃
        |
CH₃ - CH - CH₂ - CH₃

c) Neopentane (dimethylpropane) (Two branches)

        CH₃
         |
CH₃ - C - CH₃
         |
        CH₃

✅ 6. Ethene (Ethylene, C₂H₄)

Structure: Two carbon atoms connected by a double bond, each bonded to two hydrogens.
Shape: Trigonal planar around each carbon, ~120° bond angles.

  H     H
   \   /
    C = C
   /   \
  H     H

✅ 7. Ethyne (Acetylene, C₂H₂)

Structure: Two carbon atoms connected by a triple bond, each bonded to one hydrogen.
Shape: Linear (180° bond angle).

H - C ≡ C - H

🧪 Tips for Building Physical Models:

Use:

Carbon: black ball (4 bonds)
Hydrogen: white ball (1 bond)
Bonds: sticks or springs
Respect geometry (tetrahedral, planar, linear)

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