What are the main functions the liver and gallbladder the liver releases hormones

What are the main functions of the liver and gallbladder? - The liver releases hormones, secretes bile, processes or stores nutrients, and detoxifies or excretes toxins; the gallbladder stores and concentrates bile until stimulated to release it

What are the primary triggers for bile release? - The hormone CCK and the vagus nerve

How does protein digestion occur in the small intestine? - It is catalyzed by pancreatic enzymes and brush border enzymes, and some small oligopeptides are absorbed into the enterocytes and broken down there

How are amino acids absorbed across the apical and basal enterocyte membrane? - Amino acids are absorbed across the apical membrane by secondary active transport powered by the sodium ion concentration gradient. They cross the basal membrane by facilitated active transport

How is water absorbed in the small and large intestine? - Osmosis; following the absorption of solutes from the lumen

How is sodium ion absorption achieved? How does it affect the absorption of other electrolytes? - Sodium ions are absorbed by cotransporters during secondary active transport of monosaccharides and amino acids. This establishes an electrical gradient that drives the absorption of anions