Intrahepatic biliary duct atresia

376Index

Gene transcription (Continued)
promoter region, 3, 4
RNA polymerase, 5
silencers, 4
TATA box, 4, 4
transcription factor, 4, 4
transcription initiation site, 3
translation initiation site, 3
Genetic abnormalities
diagnostic techniques, identifi cation, 20b–21b
Genetic variability, 12
Genital ducts
female, 247, 249–250
indifferent stage, 246, 246
male, 247–248, 249
molecular regulation, 246–247
Genital ridge, 243
Genital swellings, 251
Genital tubercle, 251
Genomic imprinting, 19b
Germ cells
abnormal, 27
formation of, 243, 244
primordial, 245
German measles, 117, 120
Giemsa-stained chromosomes, 20b
Glaucoma, 333
Gliablasts, 293, 293
Glial cells, 293, 293
Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 236
Glossopharyngeal nerves, 264, 273, 300
Glucagon, 221
Glycoproteins, 7
Goiter, 122
Goldenhar syndrome. See Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum Gonadal dysgenesis, 17, 256b
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), 29
Gonadotropins, 29
Gonads
ovary, 245, 246
testis, 244–245, 245
Goosecoid, 55
Graffi an follicles, 23, 23
Granule cells, 301
Granulosa cells, 23, 23
Gray communicating rami, 316, 317
Growth hormone (GH), 100b
Gubernaculum, 256
Gut, 86, 86
atresias, 227b–228b, 228
divisions of, 208–209
molecular regulation, 209, 209–210
rotation, defects of, 227b
Gyri, 306, 306

I
Ichythyosis, 340, 340b
Ileal diverticulum. See Meckel’s diverticulum Imperforate anus, 230, 230b
Implantation
abnormal, 47b
uterus and, 39–40
In vitro fertilization (IVF), 36b
Inborn errors, metabolism, 20b
Incisive foramen, 279b
Incus, 137, 324
Indian hedgehog, 8
Induction, 8–9
Inferior parathyroid gland, 267, 267
Inferior vena cava, 191, 193
defects of, 194, 194b
Infertility, 36b
Infundibulum, 304, 304
Inguinal hernia, 258, 258b
Inheritance, chromosome theory of
autosomes, 11
diploid, 11
fertilization, 11
haploid, 11
homologous pairs, 11
linked genes, 11
meiosis, 11–13
mitosis, 11
oocyte, 11
sex chromosomes, 11
sperm, 11
Insula, 306, 306
Insulin, 221
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), 100b Integrins
juxtacrine signaling, 7
Intellectual disability, 313b
Interleukin-1b, 206
Intermaxillary segment, 278, 278
Intermediate mesoderm, 70
Internal branchial fi stulas, 271b
Internal capsule, 305, 305
Interstitial cells of Leydig, 244
Interthalamic connexus, 302, 303
Interventricular foramen, 167, 168, 181
Interventricular foramina of Monro, 288
Intestinal loop
duplications of, 227b
mesenteries of, 224, 225
primary, 222
reversed rotation of, 227, 227b
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, 36b
Intrahepatic biliary duct atresia, 220b
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), 100b Introns, 8
Invagination
germ layers, gastrulation, 51, 53
Iodine, 124
Iridopupillary membrane, 333, 337b
Iris, 331, 332
Islets of Langerhans, 221

Isoimmunization, 106b
Isotretinoin, 120t, 123
embryopathy, 123, 125b
Isthmus, 308