Including airport management and airline executives

Section 1: WHS Principles and safe design advice 6

Section 2: WHS risk management advice 10

Student name:
Assessor:
Date:
Products (2) this assessment is based on (title of product only, a full description is required as part of Section 1):	Product 1: Airport Construction
	Product 2: Street Construction

Product 1: Airport Construction

Description: Airport construction involves the design, development, and construction of airports and related infrastructure. It includes the construction of runways, taxiways, aprons, terminals, hangars, control towers, and other facilities necessary for airport operations.

Description: Street construction involves the planning, design, and construction of roadways and streets. It includes the creation of new roads, widening or resurfacing existing roads, and installing necessary infrastructure such as drainage systems and street lighting.

Materials Used: The primary material used in street construction is asphalt. It is used for pavement layers, including asphalt cement, asphalt emulsion, and lowered asphalt. Other materials used include sand, gravel, rock, and cement, which are utilized in the preparation of the roadbed and base layers.

Make sure you also explain how a design brief or draft specifications can assist with ensuring a safe design approach.

Under the WHS (Work Health and Safety) laws, persons conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) must effectively manage WHS risks throughout a product's life cycle. This duty is outlined in the WHS legislation applicable in the respective jurisdiction, such as the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 in Australia.

Monitoring and Review: PCBU has an ongoing responsibility to monitor and review the effectiveness of the implemented control measures. Regular monitoring helps ensure that the controls remain adequate and effective in managing WHS risks. If any shortcomings or changes are identified, adjustments and improvements should be made promptly.

A design brief or draft specifications can assist in ensuring a safe design approach by:

Ensuring that the design complies with applicable WHS legislation and other relevant legal requirements.
Facilitating communication and collaboration between different stakeholders involved in the design process, including designers, engineers, safety professionals, and end-users.

Legal Liability:

Regarding legal liability in providing advice about safe design, it is important to understand that care must exercise reasonable care when giving advice. This means that individuals responsible for providing advice should take reasonable steps to ensure that the advice is accurate, and reliable, and considers relevant safety considerations.

In your answer provide statistical data that demonstrate the importance of safe design.

Indicate the sources of information that you accessed to provide the above information.

Statistical data provided by Safe Work Australia's Workplace Health and Safety Statistics report for Australia in 2022 demonstrates the importance of safe design. The report highlights key statistics on workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities, indicating the need for effective risk management and safe design practices. For example, it may include data on the number of work-related injuries, types of injuries, industries with the highest injury rates, or the causes of workplace fatalities.

To access the specific statistical data and gain a comprehensive understanding of the importance of safe design, it is recommended to refer to Safe Work Australia's Workplace Health and Safety Statistics report for Australia in 202. This report provides valuable insights and reliable data to support the significance of safe design practices in ensuring a safe and healthy work environment.

Product 1: Airport Construction

Materials:

Big Data: Big data analysis plays a significant role in airport construction by providing insights into project management, safety monitoring, and risk mitigation. By analyzing vast amounts of data collected from various sources, project managers can identify patterns, predict risks, and optimize safety strategies.
3D Printing and Prefabrication: These technologies are utilized in airport construction to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and safety. 3D printing can produce intricate components with high precision, reducing the need for manual labor and potential errors. Prefabrication involves constructing elements off-site in controlled environments, minimizing on-site risks, and accelerating the construction process.

Augmented Reality (AR): AR technology is employed in street construction to visualize and simulate the layout of roads and identify potential hazards or design flaws. It aids in planning and making informed decisions regarding the safety aspects of the street design.
Motor Graders: Motor graders are used to level and shape the road surface during construction. These machines ensure proper slope, smoothness, and alignment of the road, enhancing safety and drivability.

Methods for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment:

Surveys, Tests, and Observations: This method involves conducting surveys, tests, and observations in the workplace to identify potential hazards. It includes inspecting the physical environment, equipment, and processes, and observing work practices. By systematically examining the workplace, potential hazards can be identified and assessed for their associated risks.

Learning and development needs

Assuming that decision-makers are uninformed about WHS risks, including design-related risks, that may occur during a product’s life cycle, identify the learning and professional development they would need to participate in to be fully informed. This should include:

Hazard Identification: Decision makers need to understand how to identify hazards in the workplace, including those related to design. This involves recognizing potential risks and being aware of the factors that can contribute to unsafe conditions or practices.
Policies and Procedures: Decision makers should familiarize themselves with relevant WHS policies and procedures. They need to understand their obligations under WHS legislation, as well as the specific policies and procedures in place within their organization to manage WHS risks effectively.

Sources of Information:

Internal Sources:

WHS Guidance: External sources such as WHS guidance materials, publications, and websites, like those provided by Safe Work Australia, offer comprehensive information on various WHS topics. These resources cover safe design principles, risk assessment methodologies, and other relevant guidance to ensure a safe work environment.

Consultation

Customers: Customers refer to the passengers, airlines, and other aviation stakeholders who will utilize the airport facilities for travel and related services. They are users of the product as they rely on the airport's infrastructure, services, and safety measures to ensure a smooth and secure travel experience.
Senior Managers: Senior managers within the aviation industry, including airport management and airline executives, are users of the airport construction project. They are responsible for overseeing the project's development and ensuring that it aligns with the organization's strategic objectives and operational requirements.

Briefings and Workshops: Organizing briefings and workshops specifically tailored for customers, senior managers, and other stakeholders enables direct exchange of information and ideas. These sessions help gather user feedback, clarify design objectives, and align expectations, ensuring that the airport construction project meets the needs and requirements of the users.

Product 2: Road Construction

Possible Ways of Consulting with Users During the Design Phase:

Team Meetings: Holding regular team meetings involving representatives from customers, senior managers, product designers, and manufacturers facilitates effective communication and collaboration. These meetings allow for the exchange of ideas, discussions on design requirements, and addressing any concerns or suggestions related to road construction.

For each of the two products, list who these specialists/other advisers could be.

Reasons for Specialist Input in Safe Design:

Transportation Engineers: These specialists focus on planning and designing transportation systems within the airport, ensuring efficient traffic flow and safe movement of passengers, vehicles, and aircraft.

Product 2: Street Construction - Specialists/Other Advisors:

WHS risk controls

Explain the hierarchy of controls and how it assists in selecting and implementing appropriate risk controls.

Isolation: If a substitution is not possible, the hazard can be isolated to reduce exposure. Isolation involves physically separating workers from the hazard, such as using barriers or enclosures, to prevent contact or exposure.
Engineering: Engineering controls are designed to minimize or control the hazard at its source. This involves modifying equipment, machinery, or processes to reduce the risk. Examples include implementing ventilation systems, installing safety guards, or automating processes.

Documentation Requirements about Risk Assessment Decision-Making:

Risk Register: A risk register is a key document that records all identified risks throughout the risk assessment process. It includes information such as the nature of the risk, its potential impact, the individuals or departments responsible for managing the risk, and the control measures implemented to address it. The purpose of a risk register is to provide a centralized record of risks, enable ongoing monitoring and review, and facilitate communication and coordination among stakeholders involved in risk management.

Give examples of risk about each of the products you have chosen.

Outline your advice on methods to ensure ‘purchased’ risks are minimized. Provide advice on at least three methods.

Reviewing SDS content: Thoroughly examine the information provided in the SDS and ensure that the listed controls are appropriate for the intended storage and usage processes of the specific chemical.
Implementing a pre-purchase checklist: Utilize a checklist before purchasing to identify any additional workplace health and safety (WHS) requirements associated with acquiring a new chemical.

Monitoring requirements

Outline ways that could be used to monitor the design to identify as it evolves to identify and manage potential WHS hazards and their associated risks.

Design review: Conduct systematic design reviews at key milestones to evaluate the safety aspects of the evolving design. This involves assessing the design against relevant WHS regulations, standards, and best practices. Any hazards or risks identified during these reviews should be addressed and managed appropriately.
Collaboration and consultation: Foster collaboration and consultation among multidisciplinary teams involved in the design process. By engaging experts from different fields, such as safety professionals, ergonomists, and occupational health specialists, potential WHS hazards can be collectively identified, evaluated, and addressed.

Considering the needs of users or individuals who interact with a product throughout its life cycle is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it helps in identifying new hazards and risks that may emerge at different stages of the product's life cycle. By understanding how users engage with the product, decision-makers can proactively address potential safety concerns and mitigate risks. Secondly, considering user needs enhances the overall usability and user experience of the product, leading to increased satisfaction and productivity. Lastly, involving users in the design and decision-making process fosters a sense of ownership and promotes a safety culture, as their input and feedback are valued.

To consult with users and identify their needs, decision-makers can employ the following approaches:

Assume that the organization allows and has the budget to incorporate technical experts into the consultation process.

Identify a suitable technical expert for each of the products you have chosen. Explain who this is.

To: Drafter

From: XYZ

Date: 29/06/2023

Subject: Invitation to Participate as a Technical Expert - Airport Construction Project

Your expertise and insights are crucial to ensuring the safety and efficiency of the airport construction project. We believe that your knowledge will significantly contribute to the success of this venture. We would like to request an initial call or meeting to discuss how you can support us and establish the extent of your involvement.

During this consultation process, we envision engaging you in reviewing the design plans, assessing the installation procedures, and providing guidance on any safety considerations related to the construction project. Your valuable input will help us identify and address any potential hazards, ensuring a safe and well-executed airport construction.

Product 2:

Senior Managers: Involve senior managers to ensure their support and commitment to WHS management, providing necessary resources and establishing a safety culture within the organization.
Product Designers: Collaborate with product designers to integrate safety principles and hazard identification throughout the design process. Designers should have expertise in WHS considerations and be responsible for incorporating necessary risk controls.
Suppliers: Consult suppliers to ensure that the product meets WHS standards and requirements, including safe transportation, storage, and handling of the product.
Workers: Engage workers who will be involved in using, operating, or maintaining the product to gather their insights, experiences, and feedback on potential WHS hazards and risk controls.

Residual risks refer to the remaining risks that an organization must accept and manage after implementing control measures. These risks are considered acceptable only if their level is deemed low and can be effectively controlled. When it comes to products, it is crucial to communicate any identified residual risks to those involved in the consultation process to ensure transparency and informed decision-making.

Here are three ways residual risks can be effectively communicated: