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COURSE CODE : CHEM – 200

CREDIT HOUR : 1(1-0)

COURSE TITLE : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

B.S ZOOLOGY (MB)

ASSIGNMENT TOPIC GLOBAL WARMING

SUBMITTED TO MADAM ZAHRA JAMIL

SUBMITTED BY ROLL NO. 63,64,65,66,67,68

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE WOMEN UNIVERSITY FAISLABAD


Introduction of global warming :

Global warming refers to the long – term increase in Earth average surface temperature due to human activities , primarily the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide ( CO2) , methane (CH4) , and nitric oxide (N2O) .

These gases trap heat in the Earth atmosphere , creating a “ greenhouse effect that leads to rising temperatures .The main contributors to global warming are the burning of fossil fuels ( coal , oil , and natural gas ) for energy , deforestation , and industrial activities . Since the industrial Revolution , human activities have significantly increased the concentration of these gases , leading to unprecedented warming .

The impacts of global warming are widespread and include rising sea levels , melting ice caps , more frequent and intense extreme weather events ( such as hurricanes , droughts , and heatwaves ) , and disruptions to ecosystems and biodiversity . These changes pose risks to human societies , economics , and natural systems .

Efforts to combat global warming focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions , transitioning to renewable energy sources , improving energy efficiency , and protectiong natural carbon sinks like forest and oceans . The Pairs Agreement , an international treaty signed in 2015 , aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2 degree C above pre-industrial levels , with efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degree C .

What is Global warming :

  1. A very hot summer

  2. The long – term rise in the average temperature of the Earth climate system

  3. A short period of hot weather

  4. Making something warm or hot

Greenhouse Effect :

  • The greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by gases in the atmosphere to warm a planet lower atmosphere and surface .

  • Naturally occurring greenhouse gases have a mean warming effect of about 33 degree celcius ( 59 degree farnhite ).

  • The major greenhouse gases are water vapor , which causes about 36-70 percent of the greenhouse effect ; carbon dioxide , which causes 9-26 percent ; methane , which causes 4-9 percent ; ozone , which causes 3-7 percent .

Causes of Global warming :

There are two types of causes of global warming are as follows :

  • Natural causes

  • Man – made causes

Natural causes : Natural causes are the causes that are created by nature.One natural cause is a release of methane gas from arctic tund- dratowetlands . Methane is

is a greenhouse gas and a

very dangerous gas to our

environment . A greenhouse
gas is a gas that traps heat in the earth atmosphere . Another

natural cause is that the earth goes through a cycle of climate change . This climate change usually lasts about 40,000 years.

Man – made causes :

Man- made causes

damage to our planet.There

are many man-made causes

of global warming. The

pollution is one of the biggest man-made problem

and pollution comes in

many shapes and sizes .
Burning of fossil fuels is one thing that causes pollution.

Fossil fuels are fuels made of organic matter such as coal,

oil . When fossil fuels are burned they give off a greenhouse

gas called carbon dioxide . When you dig up the methane as

well letting it escape into the atmosphere .

  • Deforestation :

Forests act as carbon sink by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere . Cutting down trees for agriculture , urbanization , or logging reduces this capacity,contributing to higher carbon dioxide levels .

  • Transportation :

The burning of gasoline and diesel in cars , trucks , ships

And airplanes generates carbon dioxide and other pollutants , contributing significantly to global warming .

These activities increase the concentration of greenhouse

gases in the atmosphere , trapping more heat ang leading to a gradual rise in global temperature .

Effects of Global warming :

Global warming has a wide range of effects on the planet, ecosystems, and human life . These effects are interconnected and intensify over time. Some key impacts include :

  • Rising Temperature :

  • Heatwaves :

Increased frequency and intensity of heatwaves cause heat-related illness and deaths , especially in vulnerable populations .

  • Global Average Temperature:

Earth average surface temperature has increased and can cause problems for living beings .

Temperature of earth also increases due to global warming .

  • Melting Ice Caps and Glaciers :

  • Polar Ice Melt :

Ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at an accelerated rate , contributing to sea level rise .

  • Glaciers :

Mountain glaciers worldwide are shrinking , affecting water supplies in regions that rely on glacier melt .

  • Rising Sea Levels :

  • Coastal Flooding :

Higher sea levels increase the risk of flooding in coastal areas , threatening homes , infrastructure , and ecosystems .

  • Island Nations :

Some low-lying islands are at risk of uninhabitable .

  • Ecosystem Disruption :

  • Species Extinction :

Due to high temperature many species cannot survive and they move from another areas where temperature is moderate and suitable for their survival .

  • Forests –Die Offs :

Forests especially in tropical regions are under threat due to high temperature and many trees in the forests are damaged or burned due to high temperature in the atmosphere .

  • Agriculture Security :

  • Crops Yields :

Higher temperatures , droughts and shifting growing seasons reduce agricultural productivity and cause shortage of foods and other resources

Measuring Global Warming

  • Scientists first warning-

1896

  • First measurements

Confirming global

Warming – 1957 at

Mauna Loa volcano

in Hawaii

  • Global air temperature

Increased 0.6 ^C between

1861 and 1988

  • Predicted average global air

Temperature will rise

1.4-5.8 ^C by 2100 .

By seeing this graph we can estimate the temperature year by year .

When did Global Warming started ?

Global warming began to be significantly influenced by human activities during the industrial revolution in the late 18th century . This is when large scale burning of fossil fuels such as coal , oil and gas started increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere .

The effects of global warming have accelerated dramatically in the late 20th and early 21st centuries due to higher levels of industrialization and population growth .

What can you do to help solve the problem ?

  • Use cleaner energy

  • Smart transportation and land use

  • Forestation

  • Watch less TV

  • Use less air conditioner

  • Turn off the light when leaving the room

  • Take public transport

  • Use less microwave oven

Conclusion

Global warming could not be solved easily if people are not very well practice in lowering carbon emission . The solution for this issue will be more effective when individuals change their lifestyles . Individuals can contribute to reduce the changes in the global climate through changing their habits . We must try our best to solve the problem as much as possible .

Reference

We collect all these topics from different websites including

Studypool and LearnPick and seeing some content points from wikipidia .

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