Essential prioritize patient education and obtain informed consent
Contents
Student details section
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For consistency and to avoid confusion, we use the term ‘work setting’ for units that do not require a real workplace but could be completed in either the workplace in which you are employed, the work placement you are completing as part of your qualification or the clinical/practical environment.
The two different types of work settings are:
| Workplace/work placement | Clinical/practical environment |
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| A real workplace. This may be a workplace you are currently employed in or it may be an unpaid work placement. | An environment set up or organised by your training organisation that reflects a work setting and simulation is used. |
| You will be working with real clients and colleagues. | Clients and colleagues may be role played by trainers at your training organisation or by your classmates. |
| You will have access to all the equipment and resources required for the work you are doing. | Your training organisation will have ensured that the environment has all the equipment and resources required for the work you are doing. Examples may include, depending on the course you are completing, wheelchairs, lifts, hoists, beds, showering and toileting aids, etc. |
| You will have access to policies and procedures and other forms and documentation used by the organisation. | Your training organisation will have ensured that the environment has all the required policies, procedures and other forms of documentation required. |
| Your assessor will visit the work setting to observe you as you work as part of your assessments and complete an observation checklist. | Your assessor will observe you in this environment. |
| You will be supervised by an employee of the organisation. | Your supervisor will be your assessor. |
| Your supervisor will complete any supervisor reports and sign off your Portfolio entries to confirm you have completed the requirements. | Your assessor will complete the supervisor report and sign off your Portfolio entries as they are acting as both your supervisor and your assessor. |
Responsibilities
You are always expected to comply with all of the organisation’s policies and procedures for their staff members and follow your supervisor’s instructions.
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Assessor: this icon indicates that the assessor needs to observe this at the workplace visit or will be asking the student questions directly. |
| Student: this icon indicates that the student needs to complete this section. | |
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Supervisor: this icon indicates that the supervisor needs to do something. |
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Attach: this icon indicates that you need to attach something as evidence to support what you have written. |
You will need to complete these sections of your Portfolio:
Section 1: Reflective journal.
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Note to supervisor: When you see this icon, action is required on your part. Read the student’s account of events and make a comment to confirm the truthfulness and accuracy as a form of evidence collection for the assessor. Please make sure the student is suitably supervised and that they have permission from everyone involved to engage with the client. This may include permission from the client directly or may require permission from their family member, carer or advocate. |
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| Question | Provide detailed information |
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| What is your field of practice? | Healthcare Industry |
| Identify and evaluate at least two current trends that relate to your field of practice. | Trend 1: Telehealth and Remote Care Telehealth, also known as telemedicine, is the provision of healthcare services remotely using telecommunications technology. This trend has been rapidly growing, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as it offers various benefits such as increased access to healthcare, reduced travel time for patients, and minimized exposure to infectious diseases in healthcare settings. |
Opportunity 1: Opportunity 1: Personalized medicine research is vital for improving patient outcomes by tailoring treatments based on an individual's unique characteristics, such as genetics, lifestyle, and environment. Understanding how these factors influence a patient's response to medications and therapies can lead to enhanced treatment efficacy, reducing trial-and-error in care. Moreover, identifying patients at higher risk of adverse reactions allows for cautious prescribing and monitoring, improving patient safety. Early interventions based on genetic predispositions can also prevent the development of chronic conditions, promoting better long-term health outcomes. Additionally, tailoring treatments leads to more efficient resource allocation and cost-effectiveness in healthcare. |
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| ISSUE 1 |
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| Question | Provide detailed information |
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| Document your research question. | What are the most effective personalized medicine approaches in improving patient outcomes across various medical conditions? |
| Document your research objectives. | Assess Safety and Adverse Reactions: Evaluate the impact of personalized medicine in reducing adverse reactions to medications, ensuring patient safety, and identifying potential risks associated with genetic-based treatment approaches. Early Intervention for Chronic Conditions: Investigate the effectiveness of personalized medicine in identifying individuals at risk of developing chronic conditions based on genetic predispositions, and assess the impact of early interventions on disease prevention and management. |
Data/information source 1: ☐ Established information source Description: The World Health Organization (WHO) is a reputable international organization responsible for coordinating global health efforts and providing evidence-based information on various health topics, including personalized medicine and healthcare disparities. WHO's website offers a wealth of information, reports, and publications on healthcare policies, disease prevention, healthcare systems, and public health initiatives. Their data and research publications are valuable for gaining insights into global health trends and challenges, understanding different healthcare systems, and identifying best practices in healthcare delivery. Moreover, WHO's efforts in promoting health equity and reducing healthcare disparities can be useful for addressing research objectives related to healthcare access and improving patient outcomes. |
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Cite the source and provide a brief description: Source: Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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☐ Current research ☐ Other |
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Explain how you accessed the sources of information listed above. Attach proof of how you accessed the sources to your Portfolio (such as screen shots). If this was done verbally, your supervisor will confirm this in Section 2 of your Portfolio. |
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PubMed (Established information source) PubMed is a reliable and established information source maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) under the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It offers access to a vast collection of peer-reviewed biomedical literature, research articles, clinical studies, and reviews. The credibility of PubMed is ensured through its rigorous review process and inclusion of reputable journals. Researchers can verify the credibility of sources found on PubMed by checking the names of the journals or authors, as well as the presence of citations and references within the articles. |
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Journal of Personalized Medicine (Current research) The Journal of Personalized Medicine is a credible source for current research related to personalized medicine and its various aspects. As an academic journal, it undergoes a peer-review process to ensure the quality and accuracy of the published research. Researchers can determine the credibility of this source by checking the journal's reputation, the credentials of the authors, and the acceptance rate of submitted manuscripts. |
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| Identify at least three methods you can use to gather the evidence from the sources listed above. | |
Review of Official Reports and Guidelines For evidence from reputable health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO), researchers can review official reports, guidelines, and publications available on the WHO website. These documents provide evidence-based information, expert recommendations, and global health insights on various topics related to healthcare disparities and personalized medicine. |
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If all three methods are required, state why. |
Preferred Method: |
The systematic approach for gathering information and evidence on the topic of personalized medicine and improving patient outcomes in the healthcare sector: Step 1: Define the Research Objectives Step 6: Plan Data Collection (if applicable) Step 7: Analyze Data and Synthesize Findings |
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| Compare and contrast the sources of information you’ve listed. | Comparison: Credibility: PubMed, WHO, and the Journal of Personalized Medicine are considered credible sources due to their adherence to high editorial and peer-review standards. WHO provides a global perspective on healthcare, including information on healthcare disparities and strategies to improve patient outcomes across different regions and countries. The Journal of Personalized Medicine specifically focuses on current research and advancements in personalized medicine, making it highly relevant for the topic at hand. Timeliness: PubMed and the Journal of Personalized Medicine focus on current research, offering up-to-date information on personalized medicine practices and patient outcomes. |
| Apply the CRAAP evaluation model to your sources of information. | CRAAP Evaluation: Currency: PubMed is regularly updated with the latest peer-reviewed articles and research studies, ensuring that the information is current and up-to-date. |
Source 2: World Health Organization (WHO) CRAAP Evaluation: Purpose: The purpose of WHO is to coordinate and provide evidence-based information to support global health initiatives and policies. |
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Source 3: Journal of Personalized Medicine Accuracy: The research articles published in this journal are based on rigorous research methodologies, contributing to the accuracy and reliability of the information. Purpose: The purpose of the Journal of Personalized Medicine is to disseminate current research and advancements in personalized medicine. |
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| Assess the feasibility, benefits and risks associated with the information. | Benefits: PubMed: Using PubMed provides access to a vast array of peer-reviewed research articles and clinical studies related to personalized medicine. It allows researchers to draw on a comprehensive and diverse range of evidence to support their studies. World Health Organization (WHO): While WHO's information is generally reliable, there may be occasional discrepancies or controversies in some of their reports. Researchers should critically evaluate the information and consider multiple sources to form well-rounded conclusions. Journal of Personalized Medicine: The risks associated with the journal are limited. However, like any academic source, there is always the possibility of bias in individual research articles. Researchers should critically assess the methodologies and findings of the articles they use. |
| Using your research and conclusions as a basis, outline two different ways that the information could be used in your field of practice. |
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| Outline how your research can help support your own work practices. Provide at least two examples. | Enhanced Treatment Decision-Making:
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| Develop at least three actions you should take as a result of your research outcomes. | Continuous Professional Development: As personalized medicine involves genetic testing and data analysis, it is essential to prioritize patient education and obtain informed consent. Healthcare professionals should communicate with patients about the purpose, benefits, and potential risks of personalized medicine interventions. Providing patients with clear information enables them to make informed decisions about participating in genetic testing and personalized treatment options. Open and honest discussions with patients foster trust and encourage active participation in their healthcare decisions. |
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| Proof of how you accessed the sources of evidence for your research | ☐ | |
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Your research report |
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| ISSUE 2: Addressing Healthcare Disparities and Access to Care |
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| Question | Provide detailed information |
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| Document your research question. | How can personalized medicine approaches be utilized to address healthcare disparities and improve access to care for underserved and marginalized populations? |
| Document your research objectives. |
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Data/information source 1: ☐ Established information source Description: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a well-established and trusted source of information on public health and healthcare disparities in the United States. The CDC provides a wide range of data, reports, and guidelines related to healthcare access, disparities, and vulnerable populations. Researchers can access data from various CDC programs and surveys to gain insights into the prevalence of healthcare disparities and explore potential interventions using personalized medicine approaches. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). Health disparities. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/healthdisparities/index.html |
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Cite the source and provide a brief description: Source: Health Affairs Journal |
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☐ Current research ☐ Other |
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Explain how you accessed the sources of information listed above. Attach proof of how you accessed the sources to your Portfolio (such as screen shots). If this was done verbally, your supervisor will confirm this in Section 2 of your Portfolio. |
World Health Organization (WHO): The World Health Organization maintains an official website (www.who.int) that offers a wealth of information on global health issues, including healthcare disparities and health equity. Researchers can freely access the organization's reports, guidelines, and research publications through the website. WHO's information is widely regarded as authoritative and reliable, making it a valuable resource for researchers studying healthcare disparities and personalized medicine. |
Explanation: The Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved is a peer-reviewed journal that focuses on healthcare disparities and access to care for underserved populations. Its credibility lies in the rigorous peer-review process, which ensures the quality and validity of the research published in the journal. Researchers can find current research articles that directly address the issues related to healthcare disparities and the potential role of personalized medicine in improving access to care for vulnerable populations. |
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Evidence source 2: |
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Explanation: The World Health Organization is an internationally recognized organization that focuses on global health issues, including healthcare disparities and health equity. WHO's reports and guidelines are evidence-based and grounded in extensive research. Researchers can access information from the WHO to understand the broader context of healthcare disparities and how personalized medicine can be integrated into healthcare systems to improve access to care for marginalized populations. |
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| Identify at least three methods you can use to gather the evidence from the sources listed above. | Method 1: Literature Review on Health Disparities and Personalized Medicine |
Conduct qualitative interviews or surveys with healthcare professionals, researchers, and experts in the field of personalized medicine and healthcare disparities. Gather their perspectives on the challenges and potential benefits of using personalized medicine to address disparities and improve access to care. The qualitative data obtained from these interviews or surveys can provide valuable insights into the feasibility and potential impact of personalized medicine approaches in real-world healthcare settings. |
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Explain which of the methods listed above is the best for your situation, and why it is the preferred method. |
In the context of researching Issue 2 (addressing healthcare disparities and access to care through personalized medicine), a combination of all three methods - a literature review, data analysis from government health agencies, and qualitative interviews or surveys with healthcare professionals - is the best approach. The literature review provides a strong theoretical foundation by synthesizing existing knowledge on healthcare disparities and personalized medicine interventions. Data analysis from reputable government health agencies adds empirical evidence, revealing trends and disparities among different populations. Qualitative interviews or surveys with healthcare professionals offer real-world perspectives, practical insights, and potential implementation strategies. The integration of these methods ensures a comprehensive and well-rounded research approach, strengthening the research's credibility and validity. The combination of theoretical, empirical, and practical insights enables researchers to make evidence-based recommendations and develop a more nuanced understanding of how personalized medicine can effectively address healthcare disparities and enhance access to care for underserved populations. |
Research Question and Objectives: Clearly define the research question and specific objectives related to Issue 2. For example, the research question could be "How can personalized medicine approaches be utilized to address healthcare disparities and improve access to care for underserved and marginalized populations?" Literature Review: Conduct a comprehensive literature review focusing on research articles, reports, and studies related to healthcare disparities, health equity, and personalized medicine. Prioritize peer-reviewed journals and reputable sources to gather relevant evidence. Synthesis and Interpretation: Synthesize the gathered information and evidence to draw meaningful conclusions related to the research question and objectives. Recommendations: Based on the evidence, formulate evidence-based recommendations for integrating personalized medicine approaches to reduce disparities and improve access to care for underserved populations. |
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| Compare and contrast the sources of information you’ve listed. | Focus: Source 1 is a specialized peer-reviewed journal that specifically focuses on healthcare disparities and access to care for underserved populations. It provides in-depth research articles and studies dedicated to this particular topic. Research Depth: The journal articles in Source 1 offer comprehensive and detailed insights into the complexities and nuances of healthcare disparities, access barriers, and potential solutions through personalized medicine interventions. Source 2: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Comparison: Depth of Analysis: The CDC's reports may present an overview of trends without the same level of detailed analysis found in academic research articles. Source 3: Qualitative Interviews or Surveys with Healthcare Professionals Subjective Nature: The insights from Source 3 may contain subjective viewpoints and experiences, influenced by individual perspectives. Limited Sample: The interviews or surveys may have a limited sample size, potentially restricting the generalizability of the findings compared to larger-scale data sources. |
| Apply the CRAAP evaluation model to your sources of information. | Accuracy: Peer-reviewed journals are known for maintaining high accuracy standards, ensuring that the information presented is based on sound research and evidence. Purpose: The purpose of the journal is to disseminate scholarly research on healthcare disparities and underserved populations, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the field. |
Accuracy: The CDC's data are collected through rigorous methodologies and scientific processes, ensuring high accuracy and validity. Purpose: The CDC's purpose is to protect public health and provide evidence-based information and recommendations to inform healthcare policies and practices. |
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Accuracy: Accuracy in Source 3 is contingent on the proper recording and representation of the information gathered during the interviews or surveys. Purpose: The purpose of Source 3 is to gather insights from healthcare professionals to understand the practical implementation of personalized medicine in addressing healthcare disparities. |
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| Assess the feasibility, benefits and risks associated with the information. | Benefits: Source 1: The academic research articles in the journal provide evidence-based insights and robust conclusions. The articles contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field, offering valuable findings for evidence-based recommendations. Source 2: The CDC's data, while comprehensive, may not delve into the complexities of personalized medicine interventions or offer specific guidance on implementing them to address disparities. Source 3: The subjective nature of qualitative interviews or surveys could introduce biases or limitations in the data, depending on the sample size and selection process. Researchers need to ensure proper representation and avoid overgeneralization. |
| Using your research and conclusions as a basis, outline two different ways that the information could be used in your field of practice. | Health Policy Development Policymakers and public health officials can utilize the evidence from the research to inform the development of health policies aimed at addressing healthcare disparities and promoting personalized medicine adoption. The research findings, including data from reputable sources like the CDC, can serve as a foundation for crafting policies that support equitable access to personalized medicine interventions for underserved populations. Policymakers can explore incentives for healthcare institutions to incorporate personalized medicine into their practices, ensuring that disadvantaged communities have access to cutting-edge treatments. Additionally, the research highlights the importance of investing in health data infrastructure and research to identify and address disparities effectively. By implementing evidence-based policies, health systems can work towards reducing disparities and improving overall population health. |
| Outline how your research can help support your own work practices. Provide at least two examples. | Targeting Underserved Populations: The research emphasizes the importance of addressing healthcare disparities and promoting health equity through personalized medicine. As a healthcare administrator or policymaker, this information can guide decisions related to resource allocation and healthcare initiatives. Understanding the potential benefits of personalized medicine for underserved populations, you can advocate for the integration of personalized medicine approaches into healthcare systems, with a specific focus on targeted interventions for disadvantaged communities. |
| Develop at least three actions you should take as a result of your research outcomes. | One essential action is to develop comprehensive training programs for healthcare professionals to educate them about personalized medicine and its potential benefits in addressing healthcare disparities. These training programs should focus on understanding the role of genetic factors, lifestyle, and environmental influences on patient outcomes. It should also emphasize the importance of tailoring treatment plans based on individual characteristics. By equipping healthcare professionals with the knowledge and skills to implement personalized medicine approaches, they can confidently integrate these strategies into their clinical practice. This action will lead to more effective patient care, reduced disparities, and improved health outcomes for underserved populations. To support the integration of personalized medicine approaches and address healthcare disparities on a broader scale, advocacy for policy changes and increased funding support is crucial. Healthcare professionals, policymakers, and researchers should work together to advocate for policies that promote personalized medicine adoption and its equitable implementation. This action includes advocating for policies that incentivize healthcare institutions to incorporate personalized medicine into their practices and policies that facilitate the dissemination of research findings on personalized medicine's effectiveness in reducing disparities. Additionally, seeking funding support for research initiatives and community-based programs focused on personalized medicine will further drive the integration of these approaches into healthcare systems. |
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Proof of how you’ve used the research in practice |
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| The information provided by the student in their Research Project is an accurate reflection of their actions. | |||
| During the activities described in their reflective journal, the student: | |||
| completed research activities for two different issues within field of practice |
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| developed actions based on research outcomes for each issue |
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| accessed credible sources of data and evidence for their research | |||
| accessed credible sources of data and evidence for their research | |||
| gathered information using a systematic approach | |||
| correctly applied and used the outcomes of their research to improve own practice. | |||
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| The student has permission to submit the information contained within the portfolio for the purposes of assessment. |
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| The student has permission to submit workplace documentation to support their portfolio (if relevant). |
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| The student does not have permission to submit workplace documentation – the assessor can view these files on site (if relevant). | |||
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