Co-founded brian silverman and paula bonta

Ahmed Ayo

COURSE TITLE: Survey of Programming Languages

iii. Based on requirements i and ii above.

2. Give brief preview of the evolution of programming languages in a chronological order.

1ii)

1. Scientific Domain

6. Mobile Programming

The history of assembly languages is closely mingled with that of the stored-program computer. When the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) was incorporated with an assembler, ‘initial orders’, which used one letter mnemonics in 1949. Stan Poley wrote the Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program or SOAP assembly language for the IBM 650 computer in 1955. Assembly languages started being used widely as they relieved the programmers from tedious tasks such as remembering numeric codes. Their use, however, was reduced substantially by the 1980’s due to the introduction of high-level languages.

Fortran

The name means Common Business Oriented Language. ... COBOL has been around since 1959, when it was developed by the Conference on Data Systems Languages (CODASYL). It was one of the first high-level programming languages created. COBOL is run on the mainframe as well as on the PC.

APL

SNOBOL ("StriNg Oriented and symBOlic Language") is a series of programming languages developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Polonsky, culminating in SNOBOL4. It was one of a number of text-string-oriented languages developed during the 1950s and 1960s; others included COMIT and TRAC.

CPL

PL/I ( Programming Language One , sometimes written PL/1 ) is a procedural , imperative computer programming language developed and published by IBM . It is designed for scientific, engineering, business and system programming. It has been used by academic, commercial and industrial organizations since it was introduced in the 1960s, and is still used.

BCPL

Pascal is an imperative and procedural programming language, designed by Niklaus Wirth as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring . It is named in honour of the French mathematician, philosopher and physicist Blaise Pascal.

C

Prolog has its roots in first-order logic , a formal logic , and unlike many other programming languages , Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program logic is expressed in terms of relations, represented as facts and rules . A computation is initiated by running a query over these relations. The language was developed and implemented in Marseille, France, in 1972 by Alain Colmerauer with Philippe Roussel, based on Robert Kowalski 's procedural interpretation of Horn clauses .Prolog was one of the first logic programming languages and remains the most popular such language today, with several free and commercial implementations available. The language has been used for theorem proving, expert systems , term rewriting, type systems , and automated planning , as well as its original intended field of use, natural language processing .Modern Prolog environments support the creation of graphical user interfaces , as well as administrative and networked applications. Prolog is well-suited for specific tasks that benefit from rule-based logical queries such as searching databases, voice control systems, and filling templates.

ML

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS). It is particularly useful in handling structured data , i.e. data incorporating relations among entities and variables.

C++

The Common Lisp language was developed as a standardized and improved successor of Maclisp . By the early 1980s several groups were already at work on diverse successors to MacLisp: Lisp Machine Lisp (aka ZetaLisp), Spice Lisp , NIL and S-1 Lisp . Common Lisp sought to unify, standardise, and extend the features of these MacLisp dialects. Common Lisp is not an implementation, but rather a language specification . Several implementations of the Common Lisp standard are available, including free and open-source software and proprietary products.Common Lisp is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language. It supports a combination of procedural , functional , and object-oriented programming paradigms. As a dynamic programming language, it facilitates evolutionary and incremental software development , with iterativecompilation into efficient run-time programs. This incremental development is often done interactively without interrupting the running application.

MATLAB

Eiffel is an object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer (an object-orientation proponent and author of Object-Oriented Software Construction ) and Eiffel Software . Meyer conceived the language in 1985 with the goal of increasing the reliability of commercial software development; the first version becoming available in 1986. In 2005, Eiffel became an ISO -standardized language.

Objective C

Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions. Raku, which began as a redesign of Perl 5 in 2000, eventually evolved into a separate language.

Python

Visual Basic 1.0 was introduced in 1991. The drag and drop design for creating the user interface is derived from a prototype form generator developed by Alan Cooper and his company called Tripod. ... Microsoft decided to combine Ruby with the Basic language to create Visual Basic.

LUA

Ruby is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language. It was designed and developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan. Ruby is dynamically typed and uses garbage collection. ... According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, Basic, and Lisp.

Java

JavaScript was created by Brendan Eich in 1995 during his time at Netscape Communications. It was inspired by Java, Scheme and Self. Netscape, for a time, made the best browser in the world and enjoyed market dominance.

PHP

C# was developed by Microsoft within its . NET framework initiative and later approved as a standard by ECMA (ECMA-334) C# programming language is a general-purpose, OOPS based programming language. C# development team was lead by "Anders Hejlsberg" in 2002.

Scratch

Scala is a general purpose programming language. It was created and developed by Martin Odersky. Martin started working on Scala in 2001 at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL). It was officially released on January 20, 2004.

Clojure

Rust (programming language) Rust is syntactically similar to C++, but provides memory safety without using garbage collection. Rust was originally designed by Graydon Hoare at Mozilla Research, with contributions from Dave Herman, Brendan Eich, and others it was created in 2010

Dart

Development of Swift started in July 2010 by Chris Lattner, with the eventual collaboration of many other programmers at Apple. Swift took language ideas "from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list". It was out for official use in 2014

3. An object-oriented program usually contains different types of objects, each corresponding to a particular kind of complex data to manage, or perhaps to a real-world object or concept such as a bank account, a hockey player, or a bulldozer. Modular programming (also called "top-down design" and "stepwise refinement") is a software design technique that emphasizes separating the functionality of a program into independent, interchangeable modules, such that each contains everything necessary to execute only one aspect of the desired functionality. Last modified: 7:17 pm