Carries results information from the computer the user

Chapter 1

A set of instructions that a computer needs to carry out its tasks is known as a program .

Data is a set of raw facts and figures.

Input devices are used to get the data and instructions into the computer for processing.

A computer system consists of both hardware and software .

Processing takes place in that part of the computer known as the

central processing unit (CPU)

The control unit (CU) directs and coordinates all the activities within the CPU.

A machine cycle is the sequence of instructions performed to execute one program

8

9

Data and information are the same.

False

Computer science is the study of both computer hardware and software design.

True

All the data is processed in the memory unit.

False

The CU sends data from the memory to the ALU for processing.

True

Output devices translate information processed by the computer into a form that the user can

understand.

True

Input, processing and output are the three stages of data processing.

True

10 Technology has improved communities by providing better communications systems.

True
True	1


1

a The study of data, data processing and information management

b The use of computer hardware, software and telecommunications devices to store, manipulate, convert, protect, send and receive data

a Keyboard

b Mouse

c Register

d Speakers

b memory device.

c set of instructions.

d register.

b Control unit

d Printer

a a flash drive.

b the main memory.

c a sound card.

c Processes instructions

d Fetches data for required instructions

The speed at which a CPU processes data to convert it, is measured in:

b gigahertz.

c gigabytes.

d terabytes.

d are needed to hold the program that is being used.

a immediate access store.

a Keeping track of student progress

b Better teamwork

c Entertainment

d Enhanced productivity


1

A computer is a programmable electronic device, which processes data following a set of instructions. It is a single device to which peripherals can be attached. A computer system refers all the hardware and software required for the computer to work. This includes the computer itself plus the monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer and any other peripherals needed.

7

a Input device

b Output device

10 State FIVE reasons why computers are used.

The reasons why computers are used: • for their data-processing speed • for their data-processing accuracy • for storing large amounts of information in a small space • for their ability to work continuously • they allow us to communicate easily with people all around the world.

b List THREE ways that technology has enhanced productivity at the workplace.

a Ways in which technology has made our lives easier in our homes: • Family members can stay in touch using cell phone text and calls. (Any three) b Ways that technology has enhanced productivity at the workplace: • Technology allows for greater collaboration. • It allows for better organisation.

a Explain TWO ways in which technology can be used to assist the teacher.

b Describe an example of how you use technology to assist you with your studies.

• Immediate exam feedback will help students focus and correct what they did wrong while it is still fresh in their minds. • Activities involving technology, such as video playing, helps to motivate students.


1

b Create a table with the name of the manufacturer and their latest processors.

Use the internet or conduct research to find out about the negative impacts of computers in:

a the school.

a In the school:
• loss of good handwriting skills
• development of repetitive strain injuries if using computers too much or for too long if computers are placed at the wrong height or at a badly designed workstation
• vision impairment from looking at the screen for too long
• more opportunities for cheating
• source of distraction.

b In the home:
• negative impact on friendships and family relationships
• computer addiction
• drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, and depression of the immune system as a result of lack of sleep in a family member who is addicted
• depression
• children being bullied on social media
• lack of exercise, which can lead to poor overall physical condition and even obesity
• repetitive strain injuries from pressing buttons on a computer or games controller.

morale

• distraction of employees if they read personal emails or do internet

• expensive to set up, so many people may not be able to afford it, therefore

creating a digital divide in society

Analyse the data and present the information to your teacher.

Crossword

Across
1
2
3
4

Down
5	The part that holds data and instructions, which the computer is processing at the time (6)
6
7

Chapter 2	T ypes of computers and smart devices


1
2

3	full-sized laptop. Data can be entered through the digitising tablet with the use of a special pen called a


	An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that is used inside a device to

	A video game console is a highly specialised desktop computer used to play video games. A game controller is used by players to interact with computer games. The Apple Watch® is an example of a wearable computer.

10 The vacuum tube or valve was the main electronic component of first -generation computers.

A laptop computer is a portable version of a PC.

True

Notebooks are just as powerful as a desktop PC.

True

Notebooks cost less than a desktop PC.

False

A mainframe can handle more than a thousand users at one time.

True

An embedded computer is housed on a single microprocessor board.

True

False

High-level programming languages were used in third-generation computers.

True

Fifth-generation computers use ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) chips.

True

The Cray T3E 900 and GRAPE are examples of personal computers.

False

10 The most popular computers today are mainframe computers.

False

New edition Log on to IT

b electronic computer.

c computer with integrated circuits.

d microcomputer.

b supercomputers.

The main component that formed the basis for second-generation computers was:

a vacuum tubes.

d transistors.

b 1945–1956.

c 1956–1963.

d 1964–1970.

d Fourth generation

All of the following are portable computers except:

a laptop computers.

d video game consoles.

a a keyboard.

b a mouse.

d all of these

a a wearable computer.

b an embedded computer.

An embedded computer can be found in a:

a laptop computer.

c washing machine.

d netbook computer.

b Desktop computer

c Wearable computer

d Embedded computer


1

The features of a personal computer (PC), also called desktop computer or microcomputer, are: • They are the most common type pf computer. • They are designed to be used by one person at a time and can usually fit on an office desk.

• A mainframe can handle thousands of users simultaneously (at the same time). • Mainframes perform tasks that require a lot of computational power. These tasks typically involve bulk data processing such as bank transaction processing.

4	a Explain the term ‘wearable computer’.

What is a supercomputer?

7	List the component that formed the basis of the first four generations of computers.

The component that formed the basis of the first four generations of computers: First generation – vacuum tubes Second generation – transistors Third generation – integrated circuit (IC) chip Fourth generation – very large-scale integration (VLSI) chip.

b A digital computer uses 0 or 1 as separate bits. A quantum computer represents both a 1 and a 0 at the same time. A qubit consists of 2 bits and is the basic unit of quantum physics.

Research questions
1


	b
c A newspaper reporter	d	A sales representative

computers at present.

Across
2	Very large, powerful computers (9)
3


1	A type of computer that works by using qubits (7)
4	A portable version of a personal computer (6)
5	A computer that can be tucked easily into a briefcase or backpack, or simply under your arm (8)

Questions and answers 3

Fill in the blanks
1

The first stage of getting data into a computer is known as data capture .

Documents on which data is first recorded before it is entered into a computer are known as


	An ergonomics keyboard is designed for comfort and usability.

Input devices are pieces of equipment that are used to put data into the computer.

True

Data can only be entered manually into a computer.

False

Source documents are documents that are output by the computer.

False

True

Drawings and sketches can be entered easily onto the computer using the digitising tablet.

6

An OCR reader can only read typed documents.

False

A stylus is a pen-like pointing device for a graphics/digitising tablet.

True

OMR readers are used for assessing multiple-choice examinations or questionnaires given out

by market researchers.

True

A sound card is used to digitise sound information into a form that the computer can

understand.

True

maintaining security.

False


1
		b Trackball
c Touchpad
2

c MICR		d Barcodes
3

		d Barcodes
4	Body and facial movements are used in:


5	All of these are special-function keyboards except:
a QWERTY.

6

7	flight simulators?
	a Joystick

digital form? a MICR c Scanner


1	a Why do computers need input devices?

b Give THREE examples of manual input devices.

b Data capture

c Source document

Give TWO examples of applications where data is captured directly from the source.

d a person playing computer games?

5	a What is a computer ‘pointing device’?

a A computer pointing device is used by graphical operating systems such as Windows to show the motion of a pointer, or cursor, and enable the control and selection of objects on the screen. b An example of a pointing device is a mouse.

b Explain the differences in the way each mouse operates.

• pointing stick mouse, which is a way to control a laptop and is an alternative to an optical mouse or a trackball mouse

• touchpad mouse, which is the flat pad on a laptop for moving the cursor

• The optical mouse can slide over most surfaces, as it does not have a ball. A small beam of red light bounces off the surface into a sensor. The sensor sends coordinates to the computer, which move the pointer/cursor on the monitor or screen. A mouse can be wired (attached to the computer by a USB cable) or wireless (connected by radiofrequency (RF) technology).

• The trackball mouse has a large ball on top rather than under it. You roll the ball with the palm of your hand or fingers. Some laptops have a built-in trackball mouse, with buttons placed close by to allow you to select features on the screen.

a Joystick

b Digitising tablet