Became aggressive and demonstrated frequent mood swings
Semester 1, 2024 |
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Audrey now experiences excruciating hip pain. On examination, she has bruising over her left hip.
Range of motion in the left hip is greatly decreased, and the pain she experiences intensifies on rotation in either direction. An X-ray analysis reveals a hip fracture and probable low bone mass. Her history raises concern about osteoporosis.
A few weeks ago, Charlee was tidying up her little court and driveway, and she had to stop due to an awkward tightness in her chest. Fortunately, the pain did not last long and quickly disappeared when she stopped her physical activity.
Charlee had been aware of her less-than-ideal lifestyle, and she was seriously considering starting some sort of physical exercise, but she could not adhere to this change as she felt out of breath soon after she commenced even the mildest of physical activity.
Semester 1, 2024 |
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Charlee is now under the care of her GP, who sees her on a regular basis to ensure that her atherosclerosis does not get worse. As part of these visits, Charlee’s blood pressure is regularly checked. Although her blood pressure has been in the acceptable range and has not posed additional concerns, today is different as a blood pressure of 170/90 mmHg is registered.
Question 2/3
Name all the risk factors from Charlee’s case that may have contributed to her advanced
atherosclerosis and describe the connection between hypertension and atherosclerosis. (6 marks)Question 3/1
Discuss the link between Jess’s excess weight during her pregnancy and her gestational diabetes-related hyperglycaemia. For full marks, your answer should clearly address the pathophysiology of Jess’s gestational diabetes. (6 marks)
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Question 3/2
Discuss the link between Jess’s type II diabetes mellitus and her visual impairment (i.e., development of blurry vision). (6 marks)Question 3/3
Explain the doctor’s most likely rationale for prescribing insulin to help Jess manage her type II diabetes. For full marks, your answer should address the mechanism of action of insulin. (4 marks)After listening to Roy’s explanation, and considering his worsening condition, his GP has suggested that Roy should also use Salmeterol to better manage his asthma.
Question 4/1
By reflecting on the pharmacodynamic properties of Salmeterol, discuss how administration of this drug would benefit Roy. (6 marks)
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Semester 1, 2024 |
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The attending specialist took care of the wound associated with the fall and referred Kevin to a neurologist specialist. As part of the general examination pertaining to Kevin’s recently developed forgetfulness and communication difficulties, the neurologist ordered a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of Kevin’s brain, which revealed moderate-to-severe generalized cortical atrophy and profoundly enlarged lateral ventricles. After completing further physical, neurological, and cognitive tests, the neurologist prescribed donepezil (5 mg/day) for Kevin. He also advised Dora that the medication was not expected to reverse Kevin’s condition or to cure his disease but would hopefully slow down its further progress.
Question 5/1
Name the condition Kevin most likely suffers from and provide your rationale. (2 marks)
Semester 1, 2024 |
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During the examination, the GP notices a lump in Justine’s left breast and therefore refers her for further testing, including an ultrasound examination and a mammogram. Unfortunately for Justine, these tests detect a circular lump with 2 cm in diameter in her left breast. Upon receiving the results, the doctor refers Justine to an oncologist. As part of the referral, the GP takes notes on Justine’s reproductive history including the following points:
• Justine had her first period when she was 10.
• Invasive lobular carcinoma with marked anaplasia
• Metastatic breast cancer cells are present in the first two lymph nodes, but the third was spared
• The cancer cells express both oestrogen and progesterone receptorsA whole-body PET-scan is also performed, which indicates the presence of tumour cells in Justine’s thoracic vertebrae and in her left lung.
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Semester 1, 2024 |
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3.Explain its most likely adverse effects; and
4.Summarise any other considerations the patient needs to know.
suspects. (3 marks)
END OF WORKSHEET