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ABE221 – Materials and Processes for ABE

F ARM SHOP
SAFETY
PERFORMANCE INNOVATIVE
TASK 1

1. familiarize with Occupational safety and Health Standards
2. Select Proper Personal Protective Equipment in Laboratory Workshop

III. MATERIALS AND METHOD

It is important for employers to be responsible for and implement proper controls to prevent any employee from being exposed to electromagnetic radiation in excess of the acceptable limits, as it has been shown that some parts of the human body (e.g., eyes, testicles) may be harmed if exposed to incident radiation levels significantly in excess of the recommended levels.

Each electromagnetic radiation area must be conspicuously posted with appropriate signs and/or barriers

Local/Exhaust Ventilation

Blast-cleaning enclosures must be exhaust ventilated in such a way that a continuous inward flow of air will be maintained at all openings in the enclosure during blasting operations. The rate of exhaust must be sufficient to provide prompt clearance of the dust-laden air within the enclosure after the cessation of blasting. All air inlets and access openings must be baffled or so arranged that by the combination of inward air flow and baffling the escape of abrasive or dust particles into an adjacent work area will be minimized and visible spurts of dust will not be observed. Following blasting operations, the blast must be turned off and the exhaust system must be run for a sufficient period of time to remove the dusty air within the enclosure before the enclosure can be opened.

Spray booths must be constructed of steel, securely and rigidly supported, or of concrete or masonry except that aluminum or other substantialnoncombustible material may be used for intermittent or low volume spraying. Spray booths must be designed to sweep air currents toward the exhaust outlet. The interior surfaces of spray booths must be smooth and continuous without edges and otherwise designed to prevent pocketing of residues andfacilitate cleaning and washing

Change Rooms

Whenever employees are required to wear protective clothing due to possible contamination with toxic materials, employers must provide employees with a change room. The change room must be equipped with storage facilities for street clothes and separate storage facilities for the protective clothing.

Showers

Where showers are required to be provided, one shower must be provided for every 10 employees of each sex, or numerical fraction thereof, who are required to shower during the same shift; body soap or other appropriate cleansing agents must be provided in a convenient location to the showers; hot and cold water feeding a common discharge line must be provided; and individual clean towels must be made available.

Compressed Gas Cylinders

Inside of buildings, oxygen-fuel gas welding cylinders must be stored in a well-protected, well-ventilated, dry location, at least 20 feet (6.1 meters) from highly combustible materials such as oil or excelsior. Cylinders should be stored in definitely assigned places away from elevators, stairs, or gangways. Assigned storage spaces must be located where cylinders will not be knocked over or damaged by passing or falling objects, or subject to tampering by unauthorized persons. Cylinders must not be kept in unventilated enclosures such as lockers and cupboards. Where such a cylinder is designed to accept a valve protection cap, caps must be in place, hand-tight, except when the cylinder is in use or is connected for use.

Compressed Gases

Hydrogen
Hydrogen containers must comply with one of the following: (1) designed, constructed, and tested in accord with appropriate requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII – Unfired Pressure Vessels – 1968; or (2) designed, constructed, tested and maintained in accord with U.S. Department of Transportation specifications and regulations.

Explosives and Blasting Agents

All explosives must be kept in approved magazines. Stored packages of explosives must be laid flat with the top side up. Black powder, when stored in magazines with other explosives, must be stored separately.

Flammable or combustible liquids must be drawn from or transferred into vessels, containers, or portable tanks within a building only through a closed piping system; from safety cans, by means of a device drawing through the top; or from a container or portable tanks by gravity through an approved self- closing valve. Transferring by means of air pressure on the container or portable tanks must be prohibited.

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

Hazardous Agents

Air Contaminants

Each employer having employee(s) who may incur skin, eye, mucous membrane, mouth, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials as a result of performing their professional duties must establish a written Exposure Control Plan designed to eliminate or minimize exposure.

Benzene

Employee exposure to cadmium must be limited to the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air (µg/m3 ) as an 8- hour time-weighted average (TWA).

Chromium (VI)

Employee exposure to formaldehyde must be limited to 0.75 parts per million (ppm) as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) and 2.0 ppm short- term exposure limit (STEL) as averaged over a period of fifteen (15) minutes

Lead

Employee exposure to methylenedianiline (MDA) must be limited to an airborne concentration of 10 parts MDA per billion parts of air (10 ppb) as an 8- hour time-weighted average (TWA) and 100 parts MDA per billion parts of air (100 ppb) as a 15-minute short-term exposure limit (STEL)
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Personal Protective Equipment

Eyewash/Drench Shower

Suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body must be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use if there is a possibility that an employee might be exposed to injurious, corrosive materials.

Head protection devices that the employer demonstrates are at least as effective as head protection devices that are constructed in accord with one of the above consensus standards will be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements.

Respiratory Protection

Fall Protection

Employees on working platforms must be protected by a personal fall arrest system. All fall arrest system connectors must be drop forged, constructed with pressed or formed steel, or equivalent materials. Connectors must also have a corrosion-resistant finish, and all surfaces and edges must be smooth to prevent damage to interfacing parts of the system.

Hoist ropes on crawler, locomotive, and truck cranes must be free from kinks or twists and must not be wrapped around the load. Slings and their fastenings and attachments must be inspected daily before use. Damaged or defective slings must be immediately removed from service. Hooks that have been opened more than 15 percent of the normal throat opening measured at the narrowest point or hooks that are twisted more than 10 degrees out of alignment are to be evaluated before use to determine if they are safe for the intended load.

Cranes (Overhead and Mobile), Hoists and Derricks

IV. DISCUSSION

Agricultural Mechanics Shop

 Grounded Electrical Outlets

*Note: The area should be divided into major work areas, and specific tools should be stored in the appropriate place.

Agricultural power machinery

Agricultural mechanics shop should have:

❖ Shop size
~ The school shop must be big enough for 20 or more students to work at one time

~ To be safe and efficient, the shop must be large enough to meet reasonable standards for space for each person in the shop.

~ A procedure is a method of doing things or a particular course of action.

❖ Safety in the Workplace
~Work in agricultural mechanics involves extensive contact with tools and machinery.

✓ Provide proper storage for tools, materials, fuels, chemicals, and waste materials.✓ Keep work areas clean and free of tools, materials, grease and dirt.

✓ Keep moving parts properly shielded.

✓ Move slowly enough to avoid creating hazards to self and others.

✓ Read and heed all precautions.

❖ Basics of First Aid

~ Before rendering aid to a distressed person, it is important to quickly

o Breathing- determine whether breathing has stopped and administer aid

if there is a breathing problem.

o If a person who is not breathing must be given resuscitation immediately.

Current practice is to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Every shop and lab should have a first aid kit to treat minor injuries.

The kit should be readily accessible in an area of the shop where there is nothing around the kit

✓ Sterile water to wash out the wound

✓ Adhesive bandages of various sizes

✓ Burn gel for treating minor burns

✓ Tweezers to remove splinters

1) Red = Danger. Red is used to identify areas or items of danger or emergency, such as safety switches and fire equipment.

2) Orange = Warning. Orange is used to designate machine hazards, such as edges and openings. Orange is also used as background for electrical switches, levers, and controls.

7) White. White is used to mark of f traffic areas. White arrows indicate the direction of traffic. While lines also mark work areas around objects in the shop. Yellow may be used in place of white to mark areas and lanes.

8) White and Black Stripes. White and black in alternate stripes or checkers are traffic markings. An example of such use is to mark traffic-stopping barricades

1) Ivory. Ivory is used to highlight or improve visibility of certain items. These items include tool storage chests, table edges, and freestanding vises and anvils.

2) Vista Green. Vista green is a special shade of green. It is used to pain bodies of machines, cabinets and stationary tools such as vises. It is regarded as a pleasing color and contrasts with the safety colors.

The eyes, ears, hands, arms, feet and legs are easily injured.

Safety glasses and face shields

Protective clothing

~ There should be no cuffs, strings, or ties for turning machinery to catch.

in the shop or laboratory. Heavy cloth or leather aprons provide good protection for the front of the body and upper legs. Aprons are recommended only for limited shop work at benches or as additional covering over coveralls.

Shop coats

Gloves

are used to protect hands from excessive abrasion, heat, liquids or chemicals. Cloth gloves are suitable for warmth, but leather is needed where protection from heat, abrasion, or impact is needed. Only rubber or vinyl gloves are suitable where liquids or chemicals are involved.

Earmuffs or ear plugs

are used when the intensity, frequency or duration of noise reaches certain levels.