And quality improvement processes test bankmultiple choice

Chapter 01: Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes
Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

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A	Research aids in documenting accountability of nurses, but professional guidelines already exist regarding responsibility. Each state has a Nurse Practice Act with rules and regulations that define scope of practice.
B	Liability is a legal concept related to a nurse’s legal scope of practice and professional standards of practice. Research does not change a nurse’s liability.
C	Nursing research generates a specialized scientific knowledge base that empowers the nursing profession to anticipate and meet constantly shifting challenges of health care delivery to multiple populations. It provides a foundation for evidence-based nursing care and quality improvement activities.
D	Although research can document nursing accountability, each state’s Nurse Practice Act defines the scope of nursing practice for that state.

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A	Scientific investigation promotes accountability, a hallmark of the nursing profession and a fundamental concept of the ANA’s Code for Nurses.
B	Standards of care are defined by ANA, as well as specialty nursing organizations. The Code for Nurses states that nurses should conform to standards, but standards per se are not part of the Code.
C	Legal scope of practice is defined by each state’s Nurse Practice Act and elaborated in its rules and regulations.
D	The ANA Code applies to nursing practice in general, not advanced practice.

3. Nurses who do not conduct research need to understand the nursing research process for which of these reasons?

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A	Subject identification is determined by the nurse researcher.
B	Data collectors need to understand their role in the study; they do not need to understand the entire research process.
C	Subject recruitment is the responsibility of the nurse researcher.
D	Nurses need to understand the research process in order to critically read research reports and determine if nursing practice should incorporate the research findings as valid evidence.

4. Which of these actions demonstrates the role of a knowledgeable consumer of nursing research?

a. Designing a nursing research study
b. Analyzing data to determine a study’s outcomes
c. Evaluating the credibility of research findings
d. Implementing an intervention found to be effective in one clinical case study

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A	A consumer uses and applies research to practice but is not responsible for designing a study.
B	A consumer does not conduct data analysis of a study; the study’s primary investigator analyzes data.
C	A consumer of nursing research needs to understand the research process to determine the merit and relevance of evidence presented in research studies.
D	A consumer would not implement an intervention on the basis of a single case study.

a. Using critical appraisal skills to understand and assess the steps of the research process
b. Providing expert nursing consultation about the way in which clinical services are delivered

c. Developing research methods to monitor and evaluate the quality of nursing practice in the clinical setting
d. Providing leadership in the application of scientific knowledge to nursing practice

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A	A baccalaureate-prepared nurse should be able to use skills of critical appraisal to both understand and appraise the steps of the research process.
B	Nurses prepared at the baccalaureate level in nursing are at the bedside implementing protocols, whereas expert consultation is generally reserved for nurses prepared at the master’s or higher-degree level (advanced education).
C	Developing research methods is generally reserved for nurses with advanced education.
D	Providing leadership in research application is generally reserved for nurses with advanced education.

a. Nurses must be prepared at the baccalaureate or higher level of education to have any role in nursing research.

b. Nurses with master’s or higher levels of education are solely responsible for applying research to clinical practice.

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A	Having a role in nursing research or implementing findings is not limited to nurses with baccalaureate or higher levels of education.
B	Nurses with master’s or higher levels of education provide leadership to supervise how research findings are applied in the clinical area. However, all levels of nurses can apply research findings to practice.
C	To use research in evidence-based practice, the nurse must not necessarily be able to conduct research but should be able to understand and appraise the steps of the research process to read the research literature critically and use it to inform clinical decisions.
D	Data analysis is usually conducted by nurses with master’s or higher levels of education. However, interpretation of research findings can be performed by any nurse who can critically analyze the research performed.

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A	Cost-effective nursing interventions can occur based on evidence, but it is not the primary value of evidence-based nursing practice.
B	Evidence-based practice allows the nurse to systematically integrate the best available research evidence with individual clinical expertise, as well as the patient’s values and preferences, when making clinical decisions.
C	Developing a unique body of nursing knowledge is important, but it is not the primary value of developing evidence-based nursing practice. Also, nurse researchers should be able to collaborate with researchers in other disciplines.
D	Developing abstract nursing theory is important, but evidence-based nursing is focused on the more concrete application of knowledge in clinical practice.

8. A novice nurse researcher is comparing the processes used in nursing research and in evidence-based practice. What differences, if any, exist between the two processes?

ANS: C

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A	The research process and the evidence-based practice process, though similar, have fundamental differences as well.
B	This definition applies to the research process, not the evidence-based practice process.
C	Nursing research includes developing a design for a study, whether quantitative or qualitative, reviewing the literature, and carrying out a specific methodology to find answers to a question. In contrast, evidence-based practice includes a review of completed research studies to identify answers to a clinical question.
D	Both the research process and the evidence-based practice process include critical review of quantitative and qualitative studies.

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A	The research question and study purpose is generally found early in the report: in the abstract, the introduction, or at the end of the literature review or conceptual framework section.
B	The research question and study purpose are defined before the data analysis section of the research article.
C	The research question and study purpose are defined before the findings section of the research article.
D	The research question and study purpose are defined before the data collection section of the research article.

d. Qualitative research collects data from a small number of subjects, allowing for in-depth study of a phenomenon.

ANS: D

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A	Qualitative, not quantitative, research is usually conducted in natural settings using data that are words rather than numbers.
B	Quantitative, not qualitative, research seeks to explain cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
C	Qualitative, not quantitative, research seeks to answer a question about a human experience.
D	Qualitative research typically collects data from a small number of subjects, thus allowing for in-depth study of a phenomenon while using a subjective approach.

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A	Meta-analysis summarizes articles on a focused topic that used a specific methodology.
B	An integrative review is a synthesis of research or theoretical literature on a specific area that follows specific steps of literature integration without statistical analysis.
C	Meta-synthesis is a synthesis of qualitative articles on a focused topic using specific qualitative methodology.
D	Clinical guidelinesare practice statements designed to assist clinicians about health care decisions forspecific conditions or situations.

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A	Quality refers to the extent to which the study’s design, implementation, and analysis minimize bias.
B	Quantity refers to the number of studies that have evaluated the research question, including overall sample size across studies.
C	Consistency is the degree to which studies that had similar and different designs (but investigate the same research question) reported similar findings.
D	Quantity refers to the strength of the findings in the statistical analyses.

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A	Legal-ethical issues are typically discussed in the article’s data collection or procedures section, usually when discussing the sample.
B	The research results are typically found in the findings or results sections.
C	Recommendations are typically found in the discussion or implications sections.
D	The research question and study purpose are typically found in the abstract or introduction.

14. The nurse is analyzing a qualitative research article. In which section of the article should the nurse expect to find a discussion of the research findings?

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A	Data analysis is typically included in the data analysis or procedures section.
B	Instruments and their validity and reliability are included in the methods or instruments sections.
C	The research sample and legal-ethical issues are included in the sample or subjects section.
D	The discussion of the findings will be located in the results or discussion section.

15. The nurse is using the critical reading process to analyze a research article. The nurse identifies the main theme of the article and states it in two sentences, using the nurse’s own words. The nurse is using a strategy to promote which type of understanding?

a. Preliminary
b. Comprehensive
Analysis c.

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A	Strategies for preliminary understanding include such activities as using a dictionary and identifying key variables of the study.
B	Strategies for comprehensive understanding include restating the main idea or theme of the article in one’s own words.

DIF:

16. The nurse is using the critical reading process to analyze a research article. The nurse is using a list of criteria to determine how well the researcher performed each step of the research process. The nurse is using a strategy to promote which type of understanding?

a. Preliminary
b. Comprehensive
Analysis c.

DIF:

17. Which of the following is a criticalstep for the quality improvement process in health care settings?

a. Outlining general long-range goals
b. Identifying current successful practices
c. Testing practice changes slowly and tentatively
d. Adopting a practice change as a new standard of care

DIF:

1. Which statement(s) describe the actions of the baccalaureate nurse graduate as a participant in the nursing research process? (Select all that apply.)
a. Administering care at the bedside according to a research protocol
b. Providing leadership by helping others apply scientific knowledge to practice
c. Sharing with nursing colleagues research findings that are pertinent to practice
d. Designing and conducting nursing research studies
e. Functioning as a primary investigator for a research study

ANS: A, C

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)	REF: Page 7

DIF:

c. Learning how research is related to clinical nursing practice

d. Developing skill as a primary investigator in research

DIF:

profession for which reasons? (Select all that apply.)

a. Enhancing the discipline’s scientific development

ANS: A, B, D

DIF:	Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)	REF: Page 7