Chemical Engineering Help With Second Law Of Thermodynamics

1.6 Second Law Of Thermodynamics:

It states that the entropy of an isolated system which is not in equilibrium will tend to increase over time and is maximum at equilibrium.
Mathematically,

ΔS >/= 0

∫dQ/T >/= 0

Other statements of Second law of thermodynamics:

General statement:

In the system, occurring processes tends to increase the entropy of universe.

Clausius statement:

Heat flow from a material at lower temperature to a material at higher temperature cannot be spontaneous.

Kevin statement:

In a cyclic process, it is impossible to convert heat completely into work.

Carnot's theorem:

It can be deduced by Second law of thermodynamics that

“At a particular set of temperatures, for all the reversible engines the efficiency is same and no engine can have more efficiency than this.”

Efficiency, n = 1 – T1/T2



Carnot Engine

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