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Translation
Translation is the process of polymerizing amino acid to form a polypeptide chain.
The triplet sequence of base pairs in mRNA defines the order and sequence of amino
acids in a polypeptide chain.
The process of translation involves three steps.
(i) Initiation
(ii) Elongation
(iii) Termination
During the initiation of the translation, tRNA gets charged when the amino acid binds
to it using ATP. The start (initiation) codon (AUG) present on mRNA is recognized
only by the charged tRNA. The ribosome acts as an actual site for the process of
translation and contains two separate sites in a large subunit for the attachment of
subsequent amino acids. The small subunit of ribosome binds to mRNA at the
initiation codon (AUG) followed by the large subunit. Then, it initiates the process of
translation. During the elongation process, the ribosome moves one codon
downstream along with mRNA so as to leave the space for binding of another
charged tRNA. The amino acid brought by tRNA gets linked with the previous amino
acid through a peptide bond and this process continues resulting in the formation of
a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches one or more STOP codon (VAA,
UAG, and UGA), the process of translation gets terminated. The polypeptide chain is
released and the ribosomes get detached from mRNA.
Translation refers to the process of converting text or speech from one language to another while preserving its meaning and intent. It involves skilled linguists or advanced machine translation systems to interpret and transcribe content from the source language into the target language. Translation facilitates communication and understanding between speakers of different languages, enabling cross-cultural exchange, commerce, and cooperation on a global scale.
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