{"id":1886,"date":"2011-10-03T23:29:59","date_gmt":"2011-10-04T06:29:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.assignmenthelp.net\/blog\/?p=1886"},"modified":"2022-07-27T23:54:13","modified_gmt":"2022-07-28T06:54:13","slug":"computer-networks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.assignmenthelp.net\/blog\/computer-networks\/","title":{"rendered":"Computer Networks | Network Topology | Computer Networks Assignment Help"},"content":{"rendered":"

Computer Networks<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

A Computer Networks<\/strong> are defined as the infrastructure that allows two or more computers (called hosts) to communicate with each other. The network achieves this by providing a set of rules for communication, called protocols. Computer Networks<\/strong> are distinguish according to a variety of characteristics such as the medium used to transport the data, communications protocol used, scale, network topology, and organizational scope.<\/p>\n

\"Computer<\/a><\/p>\n

The computer network made from two types of components called nodes<\/em><\/strong> and communication lines<\/em><\/strong>. The nodes typically handle the network protocols and provide switching capabilities. A node is usually itself a computer (general or special) which runs on specific network software. The communication lines may take many different shapes, types and forms, even in the same network. For Example:<\/strong> coaxial cable<\/em>, optical fibers<\/em>, copper wire cables<\/em>, radio channels<\/em>, and telephone lines<\/em>.<\/p>\n

A host<\/strong> is connected to the network by a separate communication line which connects it to one of the nodes. Each host has a unique address allocated to it by the network.
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\nComputer Networks<\/strong> can be classified in different types based on hardware and associated software technology used in networks.<\/p>\n

1.<\/strong> Geographic spread of nodes and hosts.(LAN, MAN, WAN, and SAN)
\n2.<\/strong> Access restrictions. (private networks\/public networks)
\n3.<\/strong> Communication model employed by the nodes.(based on point-to-point model\/broadcast model)
\n4.<\/strong> Switching model employed by the nodes. (based on circuit switching\/packet switching)<\/p>\n

The OSI Model<\/strong><\/p>\n

The OSI (Open System Interconnection<\/strong> is a technology standard maintained by the International Standards Organization (ISO).) model defines a networking framework for implementing protocols in seven layers. The OSI is an abstract model of how network protocols and equipment should communicate and work together.<\/p>\n

The OSI Model consists of seven distinct layers stacked on one another: Physical, Data link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer uses protocol communication to perform functions related to physical communications, such as constructing packets and transmitting packet-containing signals.<\/p>\n

In details, the OSI Model <\/strong>contains seven layers in two groups:<\/p>\n

Upper Layers –<\/strong><\/p>\n